During sleep, the brain remains active by consolidating memories and laying the groundwork for learning new information. While sleep problems and dementia often go hand in hand, caregivers can implement several strategies to support their loved one’s ability to achieve restful sleep.
Older adults often have difficulty getting enough rest, and this challenge can be even more pronounced for those with memory-related conditions. Medications for managing dementia, changes in the brain and behavioral factors can all contribute to subpar rest. In fact, about a quarter of those with mild to moderate dementia and half of those with severe dementia don’t get enough sleep. These struggles manifest in various ways, from daytime drowsiness to nighttime wakefulness.
The most common sleep issues for those with dementia include:
Caring for someone with dementia can be challenging, especially when it comes to ensuring they get a good night’s sleep. Fortunately, several strategies can promote restorative rest and help them feel more alert.
A bedtime routine signals to the body that it’s time to wind down. This can help the internal circadian rhythm operate more efficiently, especially for those who experience sundowning. Establishing a routine requires deciding on a set bedtime and may include peaceful activities such as reading, enjoying a light snack or taking a warm bath.
A comfortable sleeping environment is key to getting a good night's sleep. Some ways to create an environment that encourages rest include:
Daytime drowsiness often results in daytime naps, disrupting the body’s internal clock and reducing the likelihood of tiredness at night. Encouraging daytime activity combats drowsiness and boredom and ensures the body is ready for sleep in the evening. At Bethesda Gardens Thornton, for example, we help residents stay engaged and active through activities such as art and pet therapies, scenic drives and supervised outings.
Heavy meals and caffeine intake within a few hours of bedtime can delay tiredness and make it difficult to fall and stay asleep. Most people feel best when they enjoy their main meal midday and keep their evening meal light and easy to digest. Additionally, because caffeine blocks the brain’s chemical messenger that regulates sleep-wake cycles, it’s best to avoid it before bedtime. Although people’s tolerance for caffeine can differ greatly, most individuals should avoid consuming it after noon.
According to one study, light therapy can significantly improve the sleep patterns of those with dementia. Many people find it beneficial to get exposure to sunlight first thing every morning, participate in activities in brightly lit spaces throughout the day and then begin to dim lights in the evening. This helps the body and brain identify when it’s time to be awake and when it’s time to sleep.
Often, the medications an individual takes to slow the progression of dementia come with side effects that directly or indirectly have a negative impact on rest. Antipsychotics, for example, are commonly prescribed for those with dementia and can contribute to daytime drowsiness and difficulty falling asleep. In some cases, the individual’s primary care provider may be able to adjust their medication regimen to help control unwanted side effects.
Anxiety is common in those with dementia, impacting their ability to sleep. Incorporating relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, listening to music and sensory experiences can reduce tension and promote rest.
While sleep problems are common in those with dementia, caregivers can implement strategies to promote rest and optimal functioning.
